Modern civilization fears emptiness. We are taught to keep filling: our stomachs, our schedules, our social media feeds, our identities. Silence is treated as failure. Hunger is treated as regression.
Ramadan arrives as interruption. It does not add something; it subtracts. And precisely in that subtraction, the secret of fasting is disclosed.
A Hadith Qudsi declares: “Every deed of the son of Adam is for him, except fasting. Fasting is for Me, and I Myself reward it.”
Why is fasting different?
For Muhyiddin Ibn ’Arabi, the distinction is not primarily ethical but ontological. Fasting is a negative act of worship: it is not an action, but the suspension of action. It is not self-assertion, but self-withholding.
This is why it is ascribed to God.
When we eat, we affirm our dependence. Eating and drinking are signs of our existential poverty. We live within a web of causes and needs.
By fasting, we do not become independent; rather, we become conscious of our limits. We stand before the contrast between the creature who is faqīr (utterly needy) and al-Ṣamad — the One who depends on nothing.
According to William Chittick in his studies of Ibn ʿArabi, fasting mirrors the divine quality of tanzīh (incomparability) because it is “the absence of action.” God does not receive nourishment; the fasting person suspends reception. In that emptiness, fasting reflects a trace of divine perfection.
Fasting also trains us to restrain anger. Anger is an egoic affirmation: “I have been wronged.” When someone says, “I am fasting,” he refuses to reinforce the claim that his ego stands at the center of reality.
From the perspective of wahdat al-wujūd (the unity of being), there is no effective agent but God. All events unfold as manifestations of His will. To restrain anger is to dismantle the illusion of autonomy.
From this arises sakīnah — existential stillness born from the realization that the self is but a shadow of Being.
A third layer is the suspension of desire. Bodily intimacy is lawful and sacred, yet fasting teaches that there is a higher orientation. The energy of love is not extinguished; it is redirected.
Fasting is tajarrud — the stripping away of sensory attachments for the sake of spiritual intensity.
The dead neither eat, nor drink, nor engage in physical relations. Fasting is a rehearsal of voluntary death. And whoever dies before dying discovers a deeper life.
When the hadith says, “I Myself reward it,” this is not merely a promise of recompense. It is a statement of encounter. The reward of fasting is Presence.
Fasting is unseen. It is hidden. And what is hidden is nearer to God than what is displayed.
If Ramadan merely makes us hungry, then we have not understood it. But if it makes us more aware of our poverty, quieter in our ego, and lighter in our attachments — then perhaps we have touched the secret of “for Me.”
There, tawḥīd ceases to be doctrine and becomes experience.
“Fasting is the art of emptying the self so that the Real may fill it.”
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